path: root/doc/cpkerm.txt

                    CP/M-80 KERMIT VERSION 4.11 USER GUIDE


                                  C. Gianone

              Columbia University Center for Computing Activities
                           New York, New York 10027


                                April 23, 1991



                            Copyright (C) 1981,1991
            Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York

     Permission is granted to any individual or institution to use, copy,
    or redistribute this document so long as it is not sold for profit, and
                  provided this copyright notice is retained.
1. CP/M-80 KERMIT

********
This document is formatted as an ordinary, plain text ASCII disk file.  Typeset
copies are available in the Kermit User Guide from Columbia University.
Changes should be made to CPKERM.MSS.
********

Program:    Mike Freeman, Bonneville Power Administration, Vancouver, WA, USA,
            with contributions from many others.

Language:   8080 Assembler, LASM, M80, or MAC80

Version:    4.11

Date:       April 1, 1991

Documentation:  Christine Gianone, Columbia University, with contributions from
            many others.

KERMIT-80 Capabilities At A Glance:
  Local operation:                   Yes
  Remote operation:                  Partial, Auto-receive only
  Login scipts:                      Yes, limited
  Transfer text files:               Yes
  Transfer binary files:             Yes
  Wildcard send:                     Yes
  File transfer interruption:        Yes
  Filename collision avoidance:      Yes
  Can time out:                      Yes
  8th-bit prefixing:                 Yes
  Repeat count prefixing:            No
  Alternate block checks:            Yes
  Terminal emulation:                Yes, VT52 and others
  Communication settings:            Yes
  Support for dial-out modems:       No
  Transmit BREAK:                    Yes; most versions
  IBM communication:                 Yes
  Transaction logging:               No
  Debug logging:                     No
  Session logging:                   Yes
  Raw file transmit:                 Yes
  Act as server:                     No
  Talk to server:                    Yes
  Advanced commands for servers:     Yes
  Command/init files:                Yes
  Command macros:                    No
  Local file management:             Yes
  Handle file attributes:            No
  Long packets:                      No
  International Character Sets:      No
  Sliding Windows:                   No
  Printer control:                   Yes, limited


1.1. Credits

CP/M Kermit is the first of all the Kermit programs.  It was originally written
by Bill Catchings of Columbia University in 1981.  Over the years,
contributions have been added by many people, including Charles Carvalho (ACC),
Bernie Eiben (DEC), Nick Bush (Stevens Institute of Technology), John Bray
(University of Tennessee), Bruce Tanner (Cerritos College), Greg Small
(University of California at Berkeley), Kimmo Laaksonen (Helskini University of
Technology), Bertil Schou (Loughborough University), Jon Warbrick (Plymouth
Polytechnic University), Brian Robertson (Aberdeen University), A.J. Cole
(Leeds University), John Shearwood (Birmingham University), Tony Addyman
(Salford University), Godfrey Nix and Martin Carter (Nottingham University),
Ian Young (Edinburgh University), Chris Miles (Manchester University), Richard
Russell, Dave Roberts, and many, many others.

Version 4.11 is the work of Mike Freeman of the Bonneville Power Administration
in Vancouver, WA, USA, with assistance from Russell Lang of Monash University
in Australia, Jay S Rouman of Mt Pleasant MI, and others.


1.2. What's New

Features added since version 4.09 include:

   - SET COLLISION {BACKUP/DISCARD/OVERWRITE/RENAME}

   - SET INCOMPLETE-FILES {DISCARD/KEEP}

   - Many REMOTE commands, including some REMOTE SET commands

   - RENAME command to rename CP/M files from within Kermit-80

   - SET RECEIVE/SEND PACKET-LENGTH nn (nn <= 94)

   - SET AUTORECEIVE ON now implies that Kermit-80 ALWAYS tries to receive
     more files when a RECEIVE transaction has completed.  The user can
     cancel with ^C.

   - QUIT is now a synonym for EXIT.

   - STAY is now a synonym for SET NO-EXIT.

   - CONNECT, RECEIVE and SEND may be abbreviated to C, R and S,
     respectively.

   - Cancellation of TAKE, TYPE, and PRINT commands from the keyboard.

   - Many bug fixes.

   - Kermit-80 Version 4.11 now supports the Microbee family of computers
     (56K, 64K, 128K and 256K) manufactured by Microbee Systems, Ltd, of
     Australia.

   - Kermit-80 now supports the Ampro Little Board system.


1.3. Overview of Kermit Operation

Use the SET command to establish necessary communication parameters like SPEED
and PARITY.  Use the CONNECT to establish a terminal connection to the remote
computer.  If you are dialing out with a modem, type the necessary dialing
commands to the modem first.  The dialing process can be automated to some
extent using a TAKE command file containing INPUT, OUTPUT, and PAUSE commands.
Then log in to the remote computer or service and conduct a session.

To transfer a text file, start the Kermit program on the remote computer and
tell it to SEND the desired file (if uploading) or to RECEIVE (if downloading).
"Escape back" to CP/M Kermit, usually by typing Ctrl-] (hold down the Control
key and press the right bracket key) and then type the letter C. At the CP/M
Kermit prompt type RECEIVE (if you gave a SEND command to the remote Kermit) or
SEND filename (if you gave a receive command to the remote Kermit).

To transfer a binary file, give the command SET FILE TYPE BINARY to the remote
Kermit and SET FILE-MODE BINARY to CP/M Kermit before issuing any SEND or
RECEIVE commands.

Multiple files of the same type (text or binary) can be transferred in a single
operation using "wildcard notation" (including special characters like asterisk
in the filename).

When file transfer is complete, CONNECT back to the remote computer, use the
EXIT command to exit from the remote Kermit program, finish your work on the
remote computer, log out from it, escape back to CP/M Kermit again, and EXIT
from CP/M Kermit.

The remote Kermit may also be put into "server mode" to simplify these
operations.  Give the SERVER command to the remote Kermit, escape back to CP/M
Kermit, and then issue SEND commands to send files (upload), GET filename
commands to receive (download) files, REMOTE commands to request various other
services (like directory listings) from the remote Kermit.  When you are done,
give a BYE command to terminate your remote session, or a FINISH command to
tell the remote Kermit to return to its prompt so you can CONNECT back and
conduct further business.

That's all there is to it.


1.4. Summary of CP/M

There are essentially two versions of CP/M - Versions 2.2 and 3.0 (sometimes
also called CP/M PLUS.)

CP/M-80 Version 2.2 is run in a single 64 Kbyte "page", usually the largest
amount of memory on Z80 or 8080 systems.  The BIOS (Basic input/output system),
BDOS (Basic Disk Operating System) and CCP (Command console processor) all
share memory with any transient program the user may wish to run.  Some basic
commands are available through the CCP, like DIR, ERA etc,while others are
loaded from disk into the transient program area and run as a program, like PIP
or STAT.

CP/M Version 3.0 (or CP/M PLUS) effectively removes the requirement of having
the CCP and BDOS along with a chunk of the BIOS code being resident in the
single 64k byte page of memory.  This allows even more space for programs in
the TPA, but still a little less than the maximum of 64k.  It is substantially
different from CP/M version 2.2, with lots of added features.  Kermit-80 uses
very few additional version 3.0 features, and only where absolutely necessary.

CP/M file specifications are of the form DEV:XXXXXXXX.YYY, where

DEV:            is a device name, normally the A: or B: floppy.  If omitted,
                the device name defaults to your connected diskette.

XXXXXXXX        is a filename of up to 8 characters.

YYY             is the file type, up to 3 characters.

File names and file types may contain letters, digits, and some special
characters, including dash, dollar sign, and underscore, but no imbedded
spaces.  Upper and lower case letters are equivalent.

"Wildcard" file-group specifications are permitted in file names and file types
(but not device names) within certain contexts; a "*" matches a whole field, a
"?"  matches a single character, including space.  Examples: "*.F??" specifies
all files whose types start with F and are 1, 2, or 3 characters long; "F?.*"
specifies all files whose names start with F and are no more than two
characters long (before the trailing spaces).

The five CP/M commands are:

DIR file        Lists the the names of the specified files.  The default file
                specification is "*.*".  Example: "DIR B:*.FOR".

ERA file        Erases (deletes) the specified file(s); wildcards allowed.

REN new old     Changes the name of a file from old to new, e.g.
                "REN NEW.FOR=OLD.FOR".

SAVE            Saves the specified number of memory blocks into a file.  (Not
                on CP/M Plus systems)

TYPE file       Types the specified file on the screen, e.g.  "TYPE FOO.TXT".

The most important programs are:

STAT            Gives statistics on disk usage; sets and displays IOBYTE.  (Not
                on CP/M Plus systems)

PIP             Peripheral Interchange Program.  Copies files.  In response to
                the "*" prompt, give a command of the form

                    disk:outfile=disk:infile

                Wildcards ("*" for a whole field or "?"  for a letter) can be
                used.  Examples: "A:=B:*.*" to copy a whole disk, "A:=B:*.FOR"
                to copy all the Fortran programs from disk B to disk A. If the
                disk specification is omitted, your "connected" disk is
                assumed.  Command line arguments are also accepted, e.g. "PIP
                A:=B:*.*".

There are equivalent commands for CP/M Version 3.0, but are not loaded into
memory in the same way as for CP/M Version 2.2.  For further information on
CP/M, consult your microcomputer manual or a CP/M handbook.


1.5. Kermit-80 Description

Since Kermit-80 runs on a standalone micro, it is always in control of the
screen -- it is always in "local mode".  It includes a terminal emulator for
establishing a connection to a remote computer or service, and during file
transfer, it keeps the screen updated with the file name and the packet number,
whether sending or receiving.

Kermit-80 is capable of an imprecise or "fuzzy" timeout on an input request,
and can break deadlocks automatically.  In most cases, this is not important,
because the Kermit program on the other side is most likely able to handle the
timeouts.  The timeouts done by Kermit-80 are fuzzy because they depend on the
speed of the processor and other factors that can vary from system to system.

If, despite the timeout capability, the transmission appears to be stuck (and
you can tell that this has happened if the screen fails to change for a while)
you can type carriage return to have the micro do what it would have done on a
timeout, namely NAK the expected packet to cause theforeign host to send it
again (or, if the micro is sending, to retransmit the last packet).  Micro/
micro or micro/IBM-mainframe transfers could require this kind of manual
intervention.

File transfers may be interrupted in several ways.

Control-C       This will return you to Kermit-80 command level immediately, so
                that you can connect back to the remote system, or take any
                other desired action.

Control-X       When sending a file, this will terminate the sending of the
                current file with a signal to the KERMIT on the other side to
                discard what it got so far.  If there are more files to be
                sent, KERMIT-80 will go on to the next one.  When receiving a
                file, KERMIT-80 will send a signal to the remote KERMIT to stop
                sending this file.  If the remote KERMIT understands this
                signal (not all implementations of KERMIT do), it will comply,
                otherwise the file will keep coming.  In any case, the remote
                KERMIT will go on to the next file in the group, if any.

Control-Z       Like Control-X, except if a file group is being transmitted,
                this will stop the transmission of the entire group.  If only a
                single file is being transmitted, it works exactly like
                Control-X.

Carriage Return If you type a carriage return Kermit-80 will resend the current
                packet.  You may do this repeatedly, up to the packet retry
                limit (somewhere between 5 and 16 times) for a particular
                packet.


                              KERMIT-80 COMMANDS

Kermit-80 is an interactive program.  It issues a prompt, you type a command.
The process repeats until you give the EXIT command to leave the program.

Commands consist of keywords, filenames, and numbers.  Keywords may be
abbreviated to minumum unique length.  "?" may be typed to request a menu of
the available options for the current field at any point in a command.  ESC may
be typed at any point in a command to fill out the current keyword or filename;
if sufficient characters have not been typed to identify the current field
uniquely, Kermit-80 will sound a beep and allow you to continue from that
point.  Here are Kermit-80's commands:

BREAK   Send a BREAK condition to the remote computer.  This is only possible
        if your system is capable of sending breaks.  It is intended to be used
        with PAUSE, OUTPUT, etc and the TAKE command to do wierd and wonderful
        things, like automatic logging on to a remote host.

BYE     When talking to a remote Kermit Server, this command shuts down the
        server and logs it out, and also exits from Kermit-80 to CP/M command
        level.

CONNECT Establish a terminal connection to the computer, service, or device
        that is connected to the serial port, i.e. pass all typein to the
        serial port and display all input from the serial port on the screen.
        Also, emulate a DEC VT52 to allow cursor control, screen clearing,
        etc., if VT52-EMULATION is ON (see below), in which case you should
        also set your terminal type on the remote host to VT52.  (Some versions
        emulate other terminals.)  The CONNECT command may be abbreviated by
        the single letter C.

        Warning: VT52 emulation is only successful if your system or its
        attached terminal can do the same sort of functions as a genuine VT52.
        Things to beware of are cursor addressing, clear to end of page and end
        of line, clear screen, home cursor, and clear-and-home functions.  The
        useability of VT52 emulation depends entirely on how many of the VT52
        functions can be emulated by your micro or terminal.

        The escape character differs from micro to micro; when you issue the
        CONNECT command, the micro will print a message telling you how to get
        back.  The escape sequence is generally an uncommonly-used control
        character, like CTRL-backslash or CTRL-rightbracket, followed by a
        single letter "command":

        C   Close Connection, return to Kermit-80> command level.
        S   Display Status of connection, but maintain remote connection.
        ?   List available single-character commands.
        0   (zero) Send a null (0) character.
        B   Send a BREAK signal.  Most systems provide this function.
        D   Drop the line.  Used on the Apple with modem.  Automatically closes
            the connection after dropping the line.  The TORCH system
            acknowledges this command but does nothing.
        P   Toggle printer on or off.  Allows you to copy whatever goes to the
            screen to the printer.
        S   Temporarily suspend logging to the log file.
        Q   Restart logging to the log file
        ^]  (or whatever - a second copy of the escape character) Send the
            escape character itself to the remote host.

COPY source destination
        Copy a named file to another file, either on the same drive or another
        drive.

DIRECTORY
        This provides a directory listing of the specified files.  If no files
        are specified, all files on the default disk are listed.  File sizes,
        in K, are included.  You may interrupt the listing at any time by
        typing any character.  The listing (even if interrupted) concludes with
        a display of the amount of free storage left on the disk.  You can
        inhibit the display of file sizes by SET DIRECTORY OFF.

ERASE filespec
        This executes the CP/M ERA command on the specified file(s).  The names
        of the files being erased are not displayed.

EXIT    Quit back to CP/M.  The return is made by a JMP 0 (Warmstart).  QUIT is
        a synonym for EXIT.

FINISH  Like LOGOUT, but shuts down the remote server without logging it out.
        Leaves you at Kermit-80 command level; subsequent CONNECT commands will
        put you back at host system command level.

GET filespec [local_filespec]
        When Kermit-80 is talking to a Kermit Server on the host, you should
        use the GET command to request the server to send files to you, for
        example:

            get hlp:k*.hlp

        You may specify a local filename if you want to save the remote file
        under a different filename.  Limitation: If you request an alternate
        block check type using the SET BLOCK command, the GET command will not
        communicate it to the remote server.  If you want to have type 2 or 3
        block checks done when getting files from the server, you have to issue
        the appropriate SET BLOCK command to the remote KERMIT before putting
        it in server mode.

HELP    List all these commands, with a short description on what the commands
        do.  A question mark will do the same.  If you have already typed a
        command but do not know what the parameters are, type a space (to
        indicate the end of the command) and a question mark.  You will be
        informed of what Kermit can expect at that stage.

INPUT seconds text
        Setup a text line and time delay for your CP/M system to expect from
        the host, then wait up to the given number of seconds (approximately)
        for text to be sent to your CP/M-80 system.

LOG filespec
        When CONNECTed to a foreign host as a terminal, log the terminal
        session to the specified diskette file.  This functionality depends to
        some extent on the remote host's ability to do XON/XOFF flow control,
        and does not guarantee a complete transcript (after all, that's what
        the KERMIT protocol is for).  The log file is closed when the
        connection is closed by typing the escape character followed by the
        single-character command "C".

        It is possible to temporarily suspend logging during connect state.
        Typing an escape sequence can turn file logging on (<escape-character>
        R for Resume) or off (<escape-character> Q for quiet).

        Re-entering connect state will re-open the previously opened log file
        and append to that file.

LOGOUT  Like BYE, but leaves you at Kermit-80 command level.

OUTPUT text
        Send the text to the remote computer as if you had typed it.

PAUSE seconds
        If this command is issued your CP/M system will wait a while before
        proceeding with another command.  This is intended for use in TAKE
        commands, where you may want to pause for a while before proceeding
        with the rest of the TAKE file.  The actual delay is very variable
        between systems, and values should be determined on a trial and error
        basis.

PRINT   Print a file to the console and printer.  Output to the printer is
        buffered by the Kermit-maintained printer buffer.  This routine is
        identical to TYPE but characters are echoed to the printer as well as
        to the screen.  Suspending and canceling output is as described in
        TYPE.

QUIT    Synonym for EXIT.

RECEIVE filespec
        Receive file(s) from the remote Kermit, and save them under the names
        provided in the file headers supplied by the remote host.  If a local
        filespec is given, the file is saved under the given filename.  If the
        names aren't legal, use as many legal characters from the name as
        possible (see the description of SET FILE-WARNING below).  If there's a
        conflict, and FILE-WARNING is ON, warn the user and try to build a
        unique name for the file by adding "&" characters to the name.  RECEIVE
        can be abbreviated to the single letter R.

REMOTE command
        Send a command to a remote Kermit server.  The results are sent back to
        your CP/M screen.  When two arguments are required and specify less
        than two in the command, you will be prompted for the missing
        arguments.  REMOTE commands include:

        REMOTE CD [directory]
            Ask the remote server to change its default directory.  If no
            directory is specified, the server changes to its login directory.

        REMOTE COPY file1 file2
            Ask the remote server to copy file1 to file2.

        REMOTE RENAME file1 file2
            Ask the remote server to rename file1 to file2.

        REMOTE DELETE filespec
            Ask the remote server to delete the named file or files.

        REMOTE DIRECTORY [filespec]
            Ask the remote server to display a directory listing of the given
            files or, if the filespec is omitted, all the files in the current
            device or directory.

        REMOTE DISK-USAGE
            Ask the remote server to display information about its disk usage
            (such as free or used space).

        REMOTE ERASE filespec
            Same as REMOTE DELETE.

        REMOTE FINISH
            Same as FINISH.

        REMOTE HELP
            Ask the remote server to display a list of the commands it can
            respond to.

        REMOTE HOST command
            Ask the remote server to have its operating system execute the
            given command.

        REMOTE KERMIT command
            Ask the remote server to execute the given Kermit command, given in
            the server Kermit's command syntax.

        REMOTE LOGIN user password
            Log in to a remote Kermit server which has been set up to require a
            username and password.

        REMOTE MESSAGE text
            Send the text to the remote server for display on its screen
            (useful with MS-DOS Kermit servers).

        REMOTE SET parameter value
            Ask the remote server to set the given parameter to the given
            value, for example REMOTE SET FILE TYPE BINARY.  Type REMOTE SET ?
            to see a list of the REMOTE SET options.

        REMOTE SPACE
            Same as REMOTE DISK-USAGE.

        REMOTE STATUS
            Ask the remote server to provide a status report.

        REMOTE TYPE file
            Ask the remote server to display the named file on the micro's
            screen.

        REMOTE WHO [user]
            Ask the remote server for a list of users who are logged in, or if
            a user is specified, for a report on the named user.

RENAME file1 file2
        Rename local CP/M file1 to file2.

SEND filespec
        Send file(s) specified by filespec to the remote Kermit.  The filespec
        may contain CP/M wildcards.  SEND may be abbreviated to the single
        letter S.

SET parameter [value]
        Set the specified parameter to the specified value.  Possible parameter
        settings:

        AUTORECEIVE
                ON (or OFF).  Allows several files to be received without
                having to type RECEIVE on the receiving machine.  The routine
                simply looks for activity on the serial line, and if so fudges
                a RECEIVE command.  The packet sent by the sender will be lost.

        BLOCK-CHECK-TYPE option
                The options are:

                1-CHARACTER-CHECKSUM
                        Normal, default, standard 6-bit checksum.
                2-CHARACTER-CHECKSUM
                        A 12-bit checksum encoded as two characters.
                3-CHARACTER-CRC-CCITT
                        A 16-bit CCITT-format Cyclic Redundancy Check, encoded
                        as 3 characters.

        BUFFER-SIZE value
                This allows you to set a buffer size during transfer of data.
                On some systems it takes so long that the remote end times out
                while the local system is reading or writing to disk.  The size
                is the number of 128 disk sectors (nominal) and can be from 1
                (128 bytes) to 64 (8 kbytes).

                CP/M-80 filenames will still be mapped to uppercase characters.

        COLLISION value
                What to do when a file arrives that has the same name as an
                existing file.  BACKUP means to rename the existing file.
                DISCARD means to discard and reject the incoming file.
                OVERWRITE means to overwrite the existing file.  RENAME means
                to rename the existing file.

        DEBUG   ON (or OFF).  Enables/disables displaying of packets on the
                screen during file transfer.  Not performed if the QUIET option
                has been set for the terminal (SET TERMINAL QUIET)

        DEFAULT-DISK drive letter
                This allows you to set the default disk as source and
                destination of file transfers.  In addition, issuing this
                command causes you to switch to the specified disk and log it
                in, write-enabled.  The colon must be included in the disk name
                (A:).  The selected disk appears in your KERMIT-80 prompt, for
                instance

                    Kermit-80 14A:>

        DIRECTORY-FILE-SIZE ON (or OFF).

                By setting DIRECTORY-FILE-SIZE OFF you can get an abreviated
                listing of your disk drive.  File sizes are not calculated, and
                five files are shown on a line.  Setting this option ON will
                show file sizes of each file.

                Both options will list the free space remaining.

        ESCAPE  Change the escape character for virtual terminal connections.
                Kermit-80 will prompt you for the new escape character, which
                you enter literally.

        FILE-MODE option
                Tells KERMIT-80 what kind of file it is sending, so that KERMIT
                can correctly determine the end of the file.  SET FILE BINARY
                means to send all the 128-byte blocks (ie logical CP/M sectors)
                of the file, including the last block in its entirety; SET FILE
                ASCII is used for text files, and transmission stops when the
                first Control-Z is encountered anywhere in the file (this is
                the CP/M convention for marking the end of a text file).

                SET FILE-MODE DEFAULT tells Kermit to attempt to determine the
                file type by examining the file being transmitted.  If a
                Control-Z appears before the last block of the file, it is
                assumed to be BINARY; if, when the first Control-Z is
                encountered, the remainder of the file contains only
                control-Z's, it is assumed to be a text file.  Unfortunately,
                not all programs fill the remainder of the last record of a
                text file with Control-Z's, so this algorithm is not always
                successful.

                If binary transmission is used on a text file, or a compressed
                file (eg a .DQC file) some extraneous characters (up to 127 of
                them) may appear at the end of the file on the target system.

                If ASCII transmission is used on a binary file, any 8th bits
                set will be stripped and a warning sent to the console.  When
                the first control-Z is encountered, the file is assumed to be
                at the end, even if it is not.

        FLOW-CONTROL ON (or OFF)
                Sets XON/XOFF flow control on or off.  If set ON the host is
                expected to respond to an XOFF or XON sent by Kermit-80.  If
                set off, no flow control is assumed and any XON/XOFF is
                ignored.

        IBM ON (or OFF)
                Allow the transfer of files to and from an IBM mainframe
                computer.  This makes Kermit-80 wait for the IBM turnaround
                character (XON), ignore parity on input, add appropriate parity
                to output, and use local echoing during CONNECT.  As
                distributed, KERMIT-80 uses MARK parity for IBM communication.
                If you don't give this command, IBM mode is OFF.  Since IBM
                VM/CMS KERMIT does not have timeout capability, SET IBM ON also
                turns on the "fuzzy timer" automatically.

        LOCAL-ECHO ON (or OFF)
                When you CONNECT to a remote host, you must set LOCAL-ECHO ON
                if the host is half duplex, OFF if full duplex.  OFF by
                default.

        LOGGING ON (or OFF)
                Cease or resume logging whenever connect mode is entered.  This
                is really only applicable after a LOG command is no longer
                required.

        NO-EXIT This command is applicable only for Kermit initiated with a
                command tail.  For example, if Kermit was initiated by:

                KERMIT ;SEND HELLO;NO-EXIT

                Kermit would first seek out and execute the KERMIT.INI file (if
                present), then send file HELLO to a remote system.  Usually
                Kermit would exit back to CP/M, but NO-EXIT over-rides this.
                STAY is a synonym for NO-EXIT.

                Note the leading semicolon.  This clears leading spaces from
                the first command.

        OUTPUT text-line
                Send a line of text to the remote computer (or modem).  This
                simply copies the string to the correct line, and assumes all
                appropriate parameters have been set to be used, e.g. speed,
                parity etc.  It is intended for use in TAKE command files.

        PARITY option
                Sets parity for outgoing characters to one of the following:
                NONE, SPACE, MARK, EVEN, or ODD.  On input, if parity is NONE,
                then the 8th bit is kept (as data), otherwise it is stripped
                and ignored.  The parity setting applies to both terminal
                connection and file transfer.  If you set parity to anything
                other than none, KERMIT-80 will attempt to use "8th bit
                prefixing" to transfer binary files.  If the other KERMIT is
                also capable of 8th bit prefixing, then binary files can be
                transferred successfully; if not, the 8th bit of each data byte
                will be lost (you will see a warning on your screen if this
                happens).

        PORT port name
                Allows you to switch between different communication ports.
                This command is not available on all systems.  Type SET PORT ?
                for a list of valid options for your system. (Note:  If your
                system does not support several ports, this command will return
                a "Not implemented" error if you try to set a port.)

        PRINTER ON (or OFF)
                Turns copying of CONNECT session to printer on and off.  It is
                also possible to toggle the printer on/off from the connect
                state, by typing <escape character> followed by P.

        RECEIVE parameter [value]
                Set a RECEIVE parameter.

                PAD-CHAR
                        Set the PAD character to use while receiving files.
                        Currently a dummy, as for SET SEND PAD-CHAR.
                PADDING [value]
                        Set the number of PAD characters to use while receiving
                        files.  Same as SET SEND PADDING.
                START-OF-PACKET [value]
                        Set the default start of Packet character for receiving
                        files.  Apply the same rules and considerations as for
                        SET SEND START-OF-PACKET.
                PACKET-LENGTH number
                        Tell the other Kermit the longest packet length CP/M
                        Kermit is willing to receive during file transfer.  The
                        maximum length is 94, which is also the default length.

        SEND parameter [value]
                Set a SEND parameter.

                PAD-CHAR
                        Set the Pad character to be used while sending files.
                        It is currently a dummy entry, and does not do
                        anything.
                PADDING [value]
                        Set the number of PAD-CHARS to be used while sending
                        files.  This too does nothing.
                START-OF-PACKET
                        Set the default start of packet character to another
                        character than control-A.  This may be necessary on
                        systems (including intervening networks) that trap
                        control-A characters.  Choose a control character not
                        otherwise used, ie not carriage return (13D, ODH), line
                        feed (10D, OAN), tabs (09D, 09H), backspace (08H), and
                        bell (07H) or any other used between you and your
                        remote system.

        SPEED value
                Change the baud rate of the communications port.  This command
                only works on some systems.  value is the numeric baud rate
                (300, 9600, etc.) desired.  Type SET SPEED followed by a
                question mark for a list of supported baud rates.  On systems
                that do not support this command, you must set the port baud
                rate from CP/M or other setup mechanism outside of KERMIT-80.

        TACTRAP Set the TAC intercept character.  If you are attached to a TAC
                it will swallow the intercept character (commercial AT sign by
                default) so Kermit sends it twice.  With this command you can
                set the intercept character (ie the one to send twice) to
                another character.

        TERMINAL option
                Select one of the following terminal characteristics:

                OFF     sets emulation off, and its up to the attached terminal
                        to respond to escape sequences sent from the remote
                        host system.

                DUMB    Like off, but carriage return and line feed characters
                        are the only control characters accepted.  All other
                        control characters are simply ignored. (Really a "Glass
                        TTY").

                EXTERNAL
                        Emulation is provided for by a routine in the system
                        dependent part of Kermit.  Attempting to set this
                        option without having and externally supplied routine
                        will returna "Not Implemented" error.

                OFF     All characters are passed directly to the terminal
                        without any interpretation by Kermit.

                VT52    When connected as a terminal to a foreign host, the
                        micro emulates a VT52.  VT52 emulation is set by
                        default, except on micros that already have terminal
                        functionality built in, such as the DEC VT180 and
                        DECmate (these act as VT100-series terminals).  Some
                        systems emulate other terminals, like the ADM3A; see
                        table 1-5.

                QUIET   Do not display any file transfer information onto the
                        console.  This mode is useful if you console takes a
                        long time to update the display.  Only the file name is
                        displayed.  DEBUGging information is not displayed even
                        if selected.

                REGULAR Inverse of QUIET.  All packets etc displayed, as
                        ususal.

        TIMER ON (or OFF)
                Enable or disable the "fuzzy timer".  The timer is off by
                default, because in the normal case KERMIT-80 is communicating
                with a mainframe KERMIT that has its own timer.  Mainframe
                KERMIT timers tend to be more precise or adaptable to changing
                conditions.  You should SET TIMER ON if you are communicating
                with a KERMIT that does not have a timer.  You should SET TIMER
                OFF if you are communicating over a network with long delays.

        USER user-number
                Sets another user number to be active.  Acceptable user numbers
                are 0 to 31, though it is recommended to use user numbers 0 to
                15 only.  This is really only useful for Winchester Systems
                with high disk capacities.

        WARNING ON (or OFF)
                Warn user of filename conflicts when receiving files from
                remote host, and attempt to generate a unique name by adding
                "&" characters to the given name.  ON by default, which is
                equivalent to SET COLLISION RENAME.

SHOW    Display all settable parameters.  You will get a page or so of the
        status af all parameters that can be set using the SET command.

STATUS  The same function as Show.

STAY    Equivalent to SET NO-EXIT.

TAKE filespec
        Take characters and commands from the specified file as if they were
        entered from the keyboard.  This is useful if you want to set up a
        batch job.  A command file can send, get, receive, set functions etc
        automatically.  A TAKE command can be interrupted with ^C.
        An automatic "TAKE KERMIT.INI" is executed from the default drive when
        Kermit-80 is loaded.  This can be used to set defaults of band rate,
        parity, filetype, default drive etc.

        If KERMIT.INI does not exist, control is given directly to the user.

TRANSMIT filespec turnaround
        Send the specified file to the system on the other end of the
        connection as though it were being typed at the terminal, one line at a
        time.  Each line sent is terminated with a carriage return, and any
        line feeds are stripped from the file sent.  After each line has been
        sent Kermit waits for a character string from the host (eg a acrriage
        return).  If not specified, a carriage return is assumed.  No KERMIT
        protocol is involved.  An asterisk (star) is sent to the console for
        every line sent, to indicate how the transfer is progressing.  This is
        useful for sending files to systems that don't have a KERMIT program.
        During transmission, you may type one of these single-character
        commands:

        Control-C
            Cease transmission, and drop into terminal emulation mode.
        CR  (carriage return) Re-transmit the previous line.

TYPE filespec
        Type a local CP/M file or files on the CP/M screen.  A Control-C will
        cancel the command and return to the Kermit prompt.  A Ctrl-X will
        cancel the current file and go on to the next one, if any.  Typing any
        other character while the file is being displayed will suspend the
        output.  Another character will resume output.

VERSION Show the name, edit number, and edit date of several of the modules
        that make up Kermit-80.


1.6. Kermit-80 Flavors

Many of the systems supported use an external terminal, rather than a built-in
console.  Kermit may be further customized for these systems by defining (at
assembly time) the terminal type to be used.  If the terminal type is unknown
or does not match any of the existing terminal options, the generic "CRT"
option may be selected.  In this case, Kermit cannot do fancy screen control
during file transfer; it simply types the file names, packet numbers, and
messages in sequence across and down the screen.  This works best if you can
put your micro or terminal in "autowrap" mode; otherwise the packet numbers
will pile up in the rightmost column; the filenames and messages will always
appear on a new line, however.  If no specific terminal has been selected,
Kermit cannot do VT52 emulation; it can act as a "dumb terminal" (sometimes
called a "glass TTY"), or else its own built in terminal firmware provides
cursor control functions independent of the Kermit program.


1.6.1. Generic Kermit-80

"Generic Kermit-80" is an implementation of Kermit that should run on any 8080-
compatible CP/M 2.2 system with no modification at all, or perhaps only a minor
one.  Unlike other Kermit-80 implementations, it contains no system-dependent
manipulation of the serial port.  All I/O is done with standard CP/M BIOS
calls, and I/O redirection is done using the CP/M IOBYTE function, which,
according to the Digital Research CP/M Operating System Manual, is an optional
feature of any particular CP/M implementation.  If your system does not provide
the IOBYTE function, Generic Kermit-80 will not work; furthermore, not all
systems that implement IOBYTE do so in the same way.  The SET PORT command may
be used to select the devices to be used for input and output.  Table 1-1 lists
the options to the SET PORT command and their effects.

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------

                   SET PORT xxx    input from      output to
                        CRT            CRT:            CRT:
                        PTR            PTR:            PTP:
                        TTY            TTY:            TTY:
                        UC1            UC1:            UC1:
                        UR1            UR1:            UP1:
                        UR2            UR2:            UP2:

                    Table 1-1:  Kermit-80 SET PORT Options

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------

The default is SET PORT PTR.  In all cases, the console (CON:) and list (LST:)
devices used are those selected when Kermit is started.

The reason all Kermit-80 implementations aren't generic is that a good deal of
speed is sacrificed by getting all services from the operating system.  While a
specific implementation of Kermit-80 may be able to operate at 4800, 9600, or
even 56 Kilo baud, generic Kermit will fail to work on some systems at speeds
in excess of 1200 baud.  In addition, many features of Kermit require more
specific knowledge of the hardware involved.  Generic Kermit cannot send a
BREAK signal, or change the baud rate, for example.


1.6.2. CP/M 3 Kermit

CP/M-3 Kermit (also known as CP/M-Plus Kermit) is a version of generic
Kermit-80, and should run on most CP/M-3 (CP/M-Plus) systems.  It uses the
auxilliary port (AUX:) to communicate to the remote Kermit.  The SET BAUD and
SET PORT commands are not supported; nor can a BREAK be sent.  Like generic
Kermit-80, a terminal may be selected at assembly time.


1.6.3. System-Specific Versions

There are also many versions of Kermit-80 tailored to specific systems.  Most
of these operate uniformly, but some of them take advantage (or suffer
limitations) of the specific system.  Here are some of the special features for
particular systems:

Amstrad: -- Two versions:

    PCW 8256
        The PCW 8256/8512 with the serial inerafce attached.

    CPC 6128
        The 664 with add on memory and 6128 are both supported.  Both systems
        must run CP/M Plus, so the 664 will need an add on RAM pack and CP/M
        upgrade.  A high speed transfer rate of 38k baud can be used between
        Amstrad computers.

ACCESS:
    Access Matrix computer using port J5.  Supports SET BAUD-RATE for rates of
    300-9600 baud.

Apple II -- four variations:

    APMMDM:
        Apple with Z80 Softcard and Micromodem II in slot 2 Dialout capability
        provided in connect command; user is prompted for phone number if
        carrier is not present.  During connect mode, ^]D drops carrier.  BYE
        command also causes carrier to be dropped.

    AP6551:
        Apple with Z80 Softcard, and one of several 6551-based communication
        cards; the slot number is a compile-time parameter (default is slot 2).
        SET BAUD-RATE supported; speeds are 110-19200 baud.

    APCPS:
        Apple with Z80 Softcard and CP Multi-Function Card.  The slot number is
        again a compile-time parameter.  SET BAUD-RATE is supported for baud
        rates from 50 baud to 19200 baud.

    AP6850:
        Apple II with Z80 Softcard and a 6850-based USART in slot 2-the slot
        being a compile-time parameter.  SET BAUD-RATE is not supported.

BBC:
    Acorn Computers BBC Computer with Acorn Z80 second processor running
    CP/M-80.  Supports SET BAUD-RATE and can send breaks.

BigBoard II:
    Uses serial port A. To use port B, change mnport, mnprts, and baudrt and
    reassemble.  Can generate BREAK.  SET SPEED supported; speeds are 300-38400
    baud.

Cifer:
    Originally coded for Cifer 1886 using the VL: port set as TTYI: and TTYO:
    but works successfully on 18xx and 28xx series machines.

    There are now two versions, each with two variations: Either running CP/M
    Version 2.2 or 3.0, and either using the VL: or AUX: ports.  The VL:  port
    version can only use seven bits of data, so parity prefixing is required
    for binary file transfers.  This restriction is removed by using the AUX:
    port.  For those interested, the problem is due to the interprocessor link
    between the video and CPU (!) boards.  The VL: port is on the video board,
    and the AUX: port on the CPU board, and the inter processor link can only
    transfer seven bits of data.

    Supports SET SPEED, and can generate breaks on some models with a BREAK
    key.

Comart:
    Comart Communicator-Similar to Northstar equipment.  Can generate BREAK.

Compupro:
    Based on Kermit 3.x, and has been merged into V4.09

CPT-85xx word processors:
    Can generate BREAK.  SET SPEED supported; speeds are 50-9600 baud.

Cromemco:
    Cromemco computers with TU-ART card.  Supports SET BAUD-RATE (110-9600
    baud).

DEC DECmate II word processor (with Z80 card):
    Can generate BREAK.

DEC VT180 (Robin):
    Three output ports, referred to as COMMUNICATIONS, GENERAL, and PRINTER.
    Can generate BREAK.

Digicomp Delphi 100:
    SET SPEED supported; speeds are 50-19200 baud.

Discovery:
    Action Computer Enterprises "Discovery" Multi-user Computer.  Uses Port B
    on an 83U user board.  Supports SET SPEED for 50-19200 baud.  Can generate
    BREAK.

Epson:
    Epson PX-8 with LCD display.  Although it is quite different in displaying
    of Packet Information, it works as any other CP/M-80 Kermit.  Supports SET
    SPEED and can generate BREAK.

Generic Kermit:
    Two versions, one for CP/M version 2.2 and version 3.  These systems use
    IOBYTE flipping (V2.2) and the AUX:  device to communicate to the serial
    line.  You may have to SET PORT xxx before the version 2.2 will work, as
    Kermit needs to know what device is the serial line.

Genie:
    Eaca Video Genie.

Heath: Three Versions:

    H8QUAD
        for Heath-8 systems with the quad io board.  This system has been
        derived from V3.x code.  Note that this version will not run "as is" on
        H89 systems.

    H89 For Heath-89 machines suports baud rates from 50 to 56,000 baud.

    Z100
        For Z-100 running CP/M-85.  This version does not support setting of
        baud rates.

Intertec Superbrain: Two Versions:

    BRAINA
        For superbrain using AUX port.  Breaks and SET BAUD both supported

    BRAINM
        As above, but using the MAIN port.

Ithaca:
    Ithaca Intersystems based computer using the VIO card for all IO to the
    outside world.  The system is strictly speaking a home-brew variant of the
    Ithaca machine, using an S100 cardcage without a front panel.  It uses the
    Extended BIOS by EuroMicro of London.  However, I see no reason for this
    version not running on a genuine Ithaca Intersystems machine.  There are
    patches needed to the EuroMicro BIOS to make this version work.

Kaypro:
    Should work on most Kaypro models, as well as some related systems
    (Ferguson BigBoard I, Xerox 820).  For the newer Kaypros with multiple
    ports, Kermit uses the one labeled "serial data"; it cannot use the serial
    printer or internal modem ports (but it should be possible to modify the
    values for mnport, mnprts, and baudrt to do this).  Can generate BREAK.
    SET SPEED supported; speeds are 50-19200 baud.

Lobo:
    Lobo MAX-80.  Supports SET SPEED and can generate BREAKS.

Merlin:
    British Telecom Merlin M2215 (also Rair Black Box, possibly also the ICL
    PC?).  Requires a terminal.

Microbee:
    Microbee Systems computer made in Australia.  Works on Microbee 56K (Series
    2 APC), 64K (Computer in a Book), 128K (Dynamic), and 256K (256TC).  Can
    generate BREAK.  SET BAUD-RATE supported; speeds are 75-9600.  All serial
    I/O is via software, not hardware.  Simultaneous transmit and receive
    possible on all speeds except 75/1200, 1200/75, 4800, and 9600.

Micromate:
    PMC 101 Micromate.  Supports SET SPEED and can generate BREAK.

Micromint: Two versions

    S6  The Ciarcia/Micromint sb-180 board with a 6Mhz procoessor.  System
        requires a terminal.

    S9  As above, but with a 9Mhz processor.

NCR:
    Decisionmate 5.  Uses the 2651 and is largely the same as the Ithaca
    Intersystems machine implementation.

Northstar: -- There are four versions available:

    NORTHS:
        Northstar Horizon with HS10-4 board.  Supports SET SPEED and SET PORT.

    HORIZON:
        Northstar Horizon using the serial ports on the Mother board.  Can
        generate BREAK.

    BASICNS:
        Basic Northstar Horizon using the printer port.  Can generate BREAK.

    ADVANT:
        Northstar Advantage.  Supports SET SPEED and can generate BREAK.  Traps
        Control-0 in the system filter.

Morrow Decision I:
    Uses the Multi-I/O board.  Port 1 is the console, port 3 is the
    communications line.  SET SPEED supported; speeds are 75-56000 baud.

Morrow Micro Decision I:

Nokia MicroMikko:
    Will not echo control-O (which locks keyboard).  SET SPEED supported;
    speeds are 75-9600 baud.

Ohio Scientific:
    Doesn't have screen control.

Osborne 1:
    Uses serial line, not internal modem.  Left-arrow key generates <DEL>
    ("delete" or "rubout" character) during connect mode.  SET SPEED supported;
    speeds are 300 and 1200 baud.  Now supports multi-sector buffering.

Research Machines: Two Versions:

    RM380ZM:
        380Z and 5.25" disks supports SET BAUD.RATE

    RM380ZF:
        380Z and 8" disks, otherwise as above.

Sanyo:
    Sanyo MBC-1100.  This version derived from Kermit V3.x

ScreenTyper:
    Details unkown.

TRS-80: Three versions:

    TRS80LB:
        TRS-80 with Lifeboat CP/M

    TRS80PT:
        TRS-80 with Pickles and Trout CP/M

    TRSM4:
        TRS-80 Model 4 with Montezuma CP/M

Teletek:
    Teletek Systemaster. Supports SET BAUD.

Telcon:
    TELCON ZOBRA portable computer.

Torch:
    Torch Unicorn 5 initially, but the code runs on other Z80 based CP/N (as in
    Nut!) systems.  It uses the BBC Computer as a "Base processor", and is
    similar to the BBC version.  The base processors RS423 port is used rather
    than any built in Modem.  (UK telecoms legislation effectively makes modem
    control software tricky business...).  Two potential versions exist-one
    using cursor positioning codes for a MCP and CCCP ROM combination of
    revision less than 1.00, the other version uses the additional facility
    MCP/CCCP versions greater than 1.  Supports SET SPEED and can generate
    BREAKs.

    Note that binary files must be transferred using SET PARITY to anything
    other than NONE!  Parity is neither generated nor checked.

US Micro Sales:
    S-100-8 based computer.

Vector Graphics:
    Vector

Xerox:
    Xerox 820.

Z80MU:
    Development Kermit on a PC running the Z80MU Z80 and CP/M 2.2 development
    system.  Allows development of the system independent modules to be done on
    an IBM PC or clone.  Also allows the generation of new .HEX files, that may
    then be KERMITed to the target system.  Note:  Not all the BDOS or BIOS
    routines are supported, so avoid "unusual" BIOS/BDOS calls.  (For example,
    DIR from within Kermit will fail as one of the BIOS routines returning disk
    parameters is not supported.)


1.7. Installation of Kermit-80

Kermit-80 was written originally for the Intertec SuperBrain in lowest-common-
denominator  8080 code with the standard assembler, ASM (single source module,
no macros, no advanced instructions), so that it could be assembled on any
CP/M-80 system (the 8080 assembler is distributed as a standard part of
CP/M-80, whereas the fancier Z80 or macro assemblers are normally commercial
products).  It has since been modified to run on many other systems as well.
Kermit-80 should be able to run on any 8080-, 8085- or Z80-based microcomputer
under  CP/M with appropriate minor changes to reflect the port I/O and screen
control for the system (see below).

The proliferation of new systems supported by Kermit-80 made the program grow
so large and complicated that it had to be broken up into system-independent
and system-dependent modules, as of version 4 (this was done by Charles
Carvalho of ACC).  Each module is composed of multiple files.  This has reduced
the time and disk space necessary for assembly; Kermit-80 may once again be
assembled on a CP/M system with roughly 250Kbytes of space.  The majority of
the code does not need to be reassembled to support a new system.
Unfortunately, it can no longer be assembled with ASM, since ASM does not
support multiple input files.  To allow it to be assembled on any CP/M system,
the public-domain assembler LASM is included in the distribution kit. Kermit-80
may also be assembled with Microsoft's M80 (not supplied).  In theory, any 8080
assembler supporting the INCLUDE directive ought to work, as well.

All versions of Kermit-80 are assembled from the same set of sources, with
system dependencies taken care of by assembly-time conditionals within the
system-dependent module (eventually, the system-dependent module will itself be
broken up into multiple files, one for each system).  The most important system
dependencies are terminal emulation (when CONNECTed to the remote host) and
screen handling, which are dependent on the individual micro's escape codes
(these features are table driven and easily modified for other CP/M systems),
and the lowest level I/O routines for the serial communications port.  The port
routines are best done only with BDOS calls, but some systems do not allow
this, primarily because the BDOS routines strip the parity bit during port I/O,
and the parity bit is used for data when transmitting binary files.

Kermit-80's I/O routines must check the port status and go elsewhere if no
input is available; this allows for virtual terminal connection, keyboard
interruption of stuck transmissions, etc.  On systems that fully implement I/O
redirection via the optional CP/M IOBYTE facility, this may be done by
switching the IOBYTE definition.  On others, however, IN/OUT instructions
explicitly referencing the port device registers must be used.

CP/M-80 KERMIT versions 3.8 and later include a "fuzzy timer" that allows a
timeout to occur after an interval ranging from 5 to 20 seconds (depending upon
the speed of the processor and the operating system routines) during which
expected input does not appear at the port.  In this case, retransmission
occurs automatically.  In any case, you may type a carriage return during
transmission to simulate a timeout when the transfer appears to be stuck.


1.7.1. Organization of Kermit-80

Kermit-80 consists of two modules, each of which is generated from multiple
source files.  The first module contains the system-independent code; the
second module is configured for a particular system and merged with the system-
independent module to produce a customized Kermit-80.

The distribution kit contains:

   - the system-independent module, CPSKER.HEX;
   - the system-dependent modules, CPV*.HEX (see table 1-2 and 1-3);
   - the source files, CPS*.ASM and CPX*.ASM,
   - the public-domain CP/M assembler, LASM.*,
   - the public-domain CP/M load/patch utility, MLOAD.*

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Symbol  Filename System
ACCESS  CPVACC  Access Matrix
ADVANT  CPVADV  Northstar Advantage
AP6551  CPVAPL  Apple II, Z80 Softcard, 6551 ACIA in serial interface
AP6850  CPVA65  Apple II, Z80 Softcard, 6850 ACIA in Serial Iiterface
APMMDM  CPVAPM  Apple II, Z80 Softcard, Micromodem II in slot 2
APCPS   CPVCPS  Apple II, Z80 Softcard, with CPS multifunction card
BASICNS CPVBNS  Northstar Horizon (terminal required)
BBC     CPVBBC  Acorn "BBC" computer with Acorn Z80 second processor
BBII    CPVBB2  BigBoard II (terminal required)
BRAINM  CPVBRM  Intertec Superbrain using the main port
BRAINA  CPVBRA  Intertec Superbrain using the Aux port
CIFER2  CPVCIF  Cifer 1886 using the VL: Serial port and CP/M V2.2
CIFER3  CPVCI3  Cifer 1886 using the VL: Serial port and CP/M V3.0
CIFER2  CPVCA2  Cifer 1886 using the AUX: Serial port and CP/M V2.2
CIFER3  CPVCA3  Cifer 1886 using the AUX: Serial port and CP/M V3.0
CMEMCO  CPVCRO  Cromemco with TU-ART card. Terminal required)
COMART  CPVCOM  Comart Communicator (terminal required)
COMPRO  CPVPRO  Compupro with Interfacer 4 (or 3).  Terminal required.
CPC     CPVCPC  Amstrad CPC 664 and 6128 and CP/M 3
CPM3    CPVCP3  "Generic": CP/M 3.0 (CP/M Plus) systems (terminal req'd)
CPT85XX CPVCPT  CPT-85xx wordprocessor with CP/M
DELPHI  CPVDEL  Digicomp Delphi 100 (terminal required)
DISC    CPVDIS  Action Computer Enterprises "Discovery" (terminal req'd)
DMII    CPVDM2  DECmate II with CP/M option
GENER   CPVGEN  "Generic": CPM 2.2 systems with IOBYTE (terminal req'd)
GENIE   CPVGNI  Video Genie
H8QUAD  CPVH8Q  Heath-8 with Quad 8 i/o board
HEATH   CPVH89  Heath/Zenith H89
HORIZON CPVHOR  Northstar Horizon (terminal required)
KPII    CPVKPR  Kaypro-II (and 4; probably supports all Kaypro systems)
LOBO    CPVLBO  Lobo Max-80

"symbol" is the symbol used to select the target system, in CPVTYP.ASM;

"filename" is the name under which the module is supplied in the distribution.

              Table 1-2:  Systems supported by Kermit-80 (Part 1)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Symbol  Filename System
M2215   CPVMRL  British Telecom Merlin/Rair Black Box (terminal required)
MBEE    CPVBEE  Microbee
MDI     CPVMDI  Morrow Decision I (terminal required)
MIKKO   CPVMIK  MikroMikko
MMATE   CPVMM   PMC 101 Micromate (terminal required)
MMDI    CPVUD   Morrow Micro Decision I (terminal required)
NCRDMV  CPVDMV  NCR Decision Mate V.  (Terminal required?)
NORTHS  CPVNS   Northstar Horizon with HSIO-4 card (terminal req'd)
OSBRN1  CPVOSB  Osborne 1
OSI     CPVOSI  Ohio Scientific
PCI2651 CPVPCI  Ithaca Intersystems with VI0 card (terminal required)
PCW     CPVPCW  Amstrad PCW 8256/8512 with serial interface
PX8     CPVPX8  Epson PX-8
RM380ZM CPVRMM  Research Machines 380Z with MDS (5.25" discs)
RM380ZF CPVRMF  Research Machines 380Z with FDS (8" discs)
ROBIN   CPVROB  DEC VT180
S1008   CPVUSM  US Microsales S-100-8 (terminal required)
SANYO   CPVSAN  Sanyo MBC-1100
SB6     CPVSB6  Micromint SB-180 with 6Mhz CPU (terminal required)
SB9     CPVSB9  Micromint SB-180 with 9Mhz CPU (terminal required)
SCNTPR  CPVSCN  Screentyper
TELCON  CPVTEL  TELCON Zobra portable
TELETEK CPVTET  Teletek Systemaster
TORCH   CPVTRC  Torch computers BBC-B with Z80 second processors
TRS80LB CPVTLB  TRS-80 model II with Lifeboat 2.25C CP/M Display
TRS80PT CPVTPT  TRS-80 model II with Pickles + Trout CP/M Display
TRSM4   CPVTM4  TRS-80 model IV
VECTOR  CPVVEC  Vector Graphics
XER820  CPVXER  Xerox 820
Z100    CPVZ00  Z-100 under CP/M-85
Z80MU   CPVZ80  Z80MU development system on a PC

"symbol" is the symbol used to select the target system, in CPXTYP.ASM;

"filename" is the name under which the module is supplied in the distribution.

              Table 1-3:  Systems supported by Kermit-80 (Part 2)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Symbol  Terminal type
CRT     Dumb terminal type.  Does not do cursor addressing
ADM3A   Lear Seigler ADM 3A
ADM22   Lear Seigler ADM 22
AM230   Ampro 230
H1500   Hazeltine 1500
SMRTVD  Netronics Smartvid
SOROQ   Soroq IQ-120
TVI912  Televideo 912
TVI925  Televideo 925 or Freedom 100
VT52    Dec VT52 or equivalent (H19)
VT100   Dec VT100 or equivalent
WYSE    Wyse 100

"symbol" is the symbol used to select the target system, in CPXTYP.ASM;

"Terminal type" is the type of terminal "symbol" selects.

                 Table 1-4:  Terminals supported by Kermit-80

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------


1.7.2. Downloading Kermit-80

You'll need either a pre-configured .COM file or the system-independent module,
CPSKER, in binary (.COM) or hex (.HEX) format and the system-dependent overlay
for your system (from Tables 1-2 and 1-3).  If your system is not listed in the
table, get the generic CP/M 2.2 Kermit or the generic CP/M 3 Kermit.  If you
already have a version of Kermit on your micro and you want to install a new
version, simply use your present version to get the new files.  Transfer the
files to your system and skip ahead to "merging the modules".

If you do not have a copy of Kermit on your micro, and you cannot borrow a
Kermit floppy but you do have access to a mainframe computer with a copy of the
Kermit-80 distribution, you should read this section.

There are several ways to get CP/M Kermit from a host system to your micro.
The easiest is to "download" the necessary "hex" files into your micro's memory
and then save them on the disk.  If you have a terminal emulator program on
your micro which can save a copy of the session to disk, connect to your host,
and type the necessary files.  Exit from the emulator, saving the session log,
and edit the session log to extract the hex files.  Skip ahead to "merging the
files".

The following is a procedure which, though far from foolproof, should allow you
to get a version of Kermit to your CP/M based micro.  It depends upon the host
prompt, or at least the first character of the host prompt, being some
character that cannot appear in a hex file (the valid characters for hex files
are the digits 0-9, the upper case letters A-F, the colon ``:'', carriage
return, and line feed).  As soon the prompt character is encountered, the
transfer will terminate.  If your host does not issue a prompt that will
accommodate this scheme, you can achieve the same effect by adding an atsign
``@'' to the very end of the hex file before sending it from the host.  The
program below looks for an atsign (the normal DEC-20 prompt, hex 40).
DECSYSTEM-10 users would look for a dot, hex 2E; VAX/VMS or UNIX users would
look for a dollar sign, hex 24; UNIX C-Shell users would look for a percent
sign, hex 26.

   1. For CP/M 2.2 systems, connect to a floppy disk with plenty of free
      space.  Run DDT and type in the following (the comments should not
      be typed in; they are there just to tell you what's happening):
      (Note that this wont work for CP/M Plus or 3.0 systems!)

      ----------------------------------------------------------------
-a100                   ;Begin assembling code at 100
      0100    LXI H,2FE       ;Where to store in memory
      0103    SHLD 200        ;Keep pointer there
      0106    MVI E,D         ;Get a CR
      0108    MVI C,4         ;Output to PUNCH (send to HOST)
      010A    CALL 5
      010D    MVI C,3         ;Input from READER (read from HOST)
      010F    CALL 5
      0112    ANI 7F          ;Strip parity bit
      0114    PUSH PSW        ;Save a and flags
      0115    MOV E,A         ;Move char to E for echo
      0116    MVI C,2         ;Output to screen
      0118    CALL 5
      011B    POP PSW         ;Restore A and flags
      011C    CPI 40          ;(or 4E,24,26,etc) System prompt?
      011E    JZ 127          ;Yes, have whole file in memory
      0121    CALL 17A        ;No, store another byte
      0124    JMP 10D         ;Read another byte
      0127    MVI A,1A        ;Get a Control-Z (CP/M EOF mark)
      0129    CALL 17A        ;Store it in memory
      012C    LXI H,300       ;Get memory pointer
      012F    SHLD 202        ;Store as DMA pointer
      0132    LDA 201         ;Get 'HI' byte of memory pointer
      0135    STA 200         ;and store it as 'LO' one
      0138    XRA A
      0139    STA 201         ;Zero 'HI' byte (slow *256)
      013C    MVI C,16        ;Make NEW file
      013E    LXI D,5C        ;With FCB1
      0141    CALL 5
      0144    CALL 15E        ;Write 128 bytes (sector)
      0147    CALL 15E        ;Write another sector
      014A    LXI H,FFFF      ;Get a 16-bit Minus One
      014D    XCHG            ;into DE
      014E    LHLD 200        ;Get 256-byte counter
      0151    DAD D           ;Decrement
      0152    SHLD 200        ;and store back
      0155    MVI A,2         ;Check if
      0157    CMP L           ; 256-byte counter down to offset
      0158    JZ 183          ;Yes, we're done
      015B    JMP 144         ;Keep writing..
      015E    LHLD 202        ;Get file-pointer
      0161    XCHG            ;into DE
      0162    MVI C,1A        ;Set DMA-address
      0164    CALL 5
      0167    MVI C,15        ;Write sector (128 bytes)
      0169    LXI D,5C        ;using FCB1
      016C    CALL 5
      016F    LHLD 202        ;Get file-pointer
      0172    LXI D,80        ;128-bytes
      0175    DAD D           ;added to file-pointer
      0176    SHLD 202        ;and save
      0179    RET             ;and return
      017A    LHLD 200        ;Get Memory-pointer
      017D    MOV M,A         ;Store character
      017E    INX H           ;Increment Pointer
      017F    SHLD 200        ;and save
      0182    RET             ;and return
      0183    MVI C,10        ;CLOSE file
      0185    LXI D,5C        ;using FCB1
      0188    CALL 5
      018B    JMP 0           ;Force WARM BOOT
      0179
      -^C                     ;(Type Control-C) Return to CP/M
      A>SAVE 1 FETCH.COM      ;Save program, we need to run it twice.

       Figure 1-1:  Bootstrap program for Kermit-80 and CP/M Version 2.2

      ----------------------------------------------------------------

      Alternatively, an assembler source file for this program is
      distributed with CP/M Kermit as CPKFET.ASM.  You might prefer to
      type the assembler version in and assemble and load it (ASM CPKFET,
      LOAD CPKFET, or MASM CPKFET, MLOAD CPKFET), to let the assembler and
      loader catch any typing errors.

   2. Connect to your host using a terminal or a terminal emulation
      program.  Ensure that your host does not have your terminal in "page
      mode" (does not pause at the end of each screenful).

   3. Tell the host to display the first hex file (the system-independent
      module) at your terminal, e.g. give a command like TYPE CPSKER.HEX,
      without a terminating carriage return.

   4. Return to your micro by switching the cable from the terminal to the
      micro, or by terminating the micro's terminal program.

   5. Make sure your IOBYTE is set so that RDR: and PUN: correspond to the
      I/O port that is connected to the host (this would normally be the
      case unless you have done something special to change things).

   6. Load the program you entered in the first step with DDT, and use it
      to capture the first hex file:

          DDT FETCH.COM
          -icpsker.hex            ;Setup FCB for file CPSKER.HEX
          -g100,179               ;Execute the program.

      Now there should be a file CPSKER.HEX on your connected disk.

   7. Return to the host, and tell it to display the second hex file (the
      system-dependent module for your configuration).  Again, do not type
      the terminating carriage return.

   8. Return to your micro, and run the capture program again:

          DDT FETCH.COM
          -icpxovl.hex            ;Setup FCB to create CPXOVL.HEX
          -g100,179               ;Execute the program.

      Now there should be a file CPXOVL.HEX on your connected disk.
      Replace CPXOVL.HEX in this example with the appropriate overlay file
      for your system.

Merging the files:

   1. For purposes of illustration, we will assume the system-dependent
      overlay is called "cpxovl.hex".  The two hex files may be combined
      with MLOAD or DDT.  If you already have a running Kermit, you can
      transfer MLOAD.HEX to your system and create MLOAD.COM by running
      LOAD.  If you're bootstrapping Kermit, you could transfer MLOAD.HEX
      to your system the same way you got the other two .HEX files, but
      it's probably simpler to use DDT to get Kermit running, and get
      MLOAD later if you need it.

   2. Using MLOAD, the two pieces may be easily merged:

          A>mload kerm411=cpsker,cpxovl
          (Some messages about program size, etc...)
          A>

   3. If you don't have MLOAD running, it's a bit more complex:
          A>ddt cpsker.hex
          NEXT  PC
          3500 0100
          -icpxovl.hex
          -r
          NEXT  PC
          xxxx 0000
          -^C
          A>save dd kerm411.com

      The page count ("dd") used in the SAVE command is calculated from
      the last address ("xxxx") given by DDT in response to the R command:
      drop the last two digits and add 1 if they were not zero, then
      convert from hexadecimal (base 16) to decimal (base 10): 684F
      becomes 69 hex, which is 105 decimal (5 times 16 plus 9) -- but 6700
      becomes 67 hex, or 103 decimal (consult an introductory computing
      book if you don't understand number base conversion).

   4. If you are using the Z80MU CP/M and Z80 development toolkit on an
      IBM PC or clone, then follow the same instructions as for a genuine
      CP/M system.  When you have loaded your file, you will have to ship
      the .COM or two .HEX files to the target CP/M system. (Possibly
      using a previous issue of Kermit?)

   5. Note that CP/M hex files have checksums on each line.  If there were
      any transmission errors during the downloading process, MLOAD or DDT
      will notice a bad checksum and will report an error (something like
      "Illegal Format").  If you get any errors during loading, either fix
      the hex file locally with an editor, or repeat the transfer.

You now should have a running version of Kermit-80, called KERM411.COM.

Test your new Kermit by running it.  If it gives you a prompt, it might be OK.
(don't delete your old one yet...).  Instead of a prompt, you could get one of
two messages indicating that the configuration information is invalid:

    ?Kermit has not been configured for a target system

or

    ?Consistency check on configuration failed

Of course, neither of these messages should appear if you're building Kermit
from the distribution kit.  The first message indicates that the overlay was
not found where the system-independent module expected to find it, probably
because the overlay address is incorrect; the second indicates that the version
of CPXLNK used in the system-dependent module is incompatible with the system-
independent module.

Once you are satisfied that KERMIT40 works correctly, you should rename your
old KERMIT.COM to something else, like OKERMIT.COM, and rename KERMIT40.COM to
KERMIT.COM.


1.7.3. Assembling Kermit-80 from the sources

Kermit-80 is built in two pieces from the following files:

The system-independent files:
  CPSKER.ASM    header file
  CPSDEF.ASM    definitions for both KERMIT and KERSYS
  CPSMIT.ASM    initialization, main loop, miscellaneous commands (BYE, EXIT,
                LOG, SET, SHOW, STATUS, and VERSION)
  CPSCOM.ASM    second part of commands, status and set file
  CPSPK1.ASM    part 1 of the KERMIT protocol handler (SEND, RECEIVE,
                LOGOUT,and FINISH commands)
  CPSPK2.ASM    part 2 of the KERMIT protocol handler
  CPSREM.ASM    REMOTE routines (FINISH, BYE and LOGOUT in CPXPK*.ASM)
  CPSSER.ASM    SERVER routines (for the future)
  CPSTT.ASM     the transparent commands (TRANSMIT, CONNECT)
  CPSCPM.ASM    CP/M commands (DIR, ERA, USER, TYPE, PRINT, COPY)
  CPSWLD.ASM    the wildcard handler
  CPSCMD.ASM    the command parser
  CPSUTL.ASM    utility routines and data
  CPSDAT.ASM    data space and the overlay definitions
  CPXLNK.ASM    linkage area description

The system-dependent files:
  CPXTYP.ASM    system selection
  CPXLNK.ASM    system overlay specification and jump table
  CPXCOM.ASM    common routines for all systems
  CPXSWT.ASM    system selector or switcher

One of:
  CPXSYS.ASM    family file for some system-specific code
  CPXTOR.ASM    family file for Torch, Superbrain, PCI2651 etc
  CPXNOR.ASM    family file for Northstar and Comart machines
  CPXMRL.ASM    family file for British Telecom Merlin/Rair Black Box
  CPXSB.ASM     family file for Micromint SB-180 systems
  CPXCIF.ASM    family file for Cifer systems
  CPXHEA.ASM    family file for Heath/Zenith systems
  CPXAPP.ASM    family file for Apple II systems
  CPXPCW.ASM    family file for Amstrad PCW 8256/8512 machines
  CPXBBI.ASM    family file for BigBoard, Kaypro and Xerox 820 systems
  CPXBEE.ASM    Microbee
  CPXSYO.ASM    family file for Sanyo MBS-1100 systems
  CPXTM4.ASM    family file for Tandy Model 4 with CP/M systems
  CPXGNI.ASM    family file for Video Genie systems
  CPXPRO.ASM    family file for Compupro systems
  CPXZ80.ASM    family file for the Z80MU development system

and if you use a terminal,
  CPXVDU.ASM    display codes for VDUs etc.  Not always required

The system-independent module contains all of the system-independent files
except for CPXLNK.ASM, which is assembled into the system-dependent module to
provide the structures needed to connect the two modules.  As distributed, the
system-independent module is named CPSKER.HEX.  If you have a copy of
CPSKER.HEX, you do not need to reassemble the system-independent module to
configure Kermit for your system.

The system-dependent module consists of CPXTYP.ASM, CPSDEF.ASM, CPXLNK.ASM,
CPXSWT.ASM, CPSCOM.ASM, one of the family files CPXSYS.ASM, CPXTOR.ASM,
CPXMRL.ASM, CPXSB.ASM, CPXCIF.ASM, CPXHEA.ASM, CPXBBI.ASM, CPXTM4.ASM,
CPXGNI.ASM, CPXNOR.ASM, CPXAPP.ASM, CPXPCW.ASM, or CPXPRO.ASM, and possibly
CPXVDU.ASM, if your system uses a terminal for the console.  One copy of the
system-dependent module is supplied already assembled for each supported
system; the filename may be obtained from tables 1-2 and 1-3.  If a terminal is
required for a system, a CRT (glass TTY device) has been selected.

After assembling the two pieces separately, they are combined with DDT or MLOAD
into a system-specific Kermit.

If you want to rebuild the system-independent module, the only change you may
need to make is to select the assembler to be used, in CPSKER.ASM.  Define one
of MAC80, M80, or LASM to TRUE to select it as the assembler; the others should
be defined FALSE.

Assuming you have the Microsoft Macro Assembler package (M80/L80), you'll need
to do the following:

    A>m80 cpsker=cpsker.asm
    A>l80 /p:100,cpsker,cpsker/n/e

This will produce CPSKER.COM.

If you are using LASM instead, do this:

    A>lasm cpsker

LASM will generate CPSKER.HEX and CPSKER.PRN.  LASM allows options to be
specified in the same way as the standard assembler, ASM, so the command

    A>lasm cpsker.abz

will read the source files from drive A, send the .HEX file to drive B, and
suppress the listing file.

If you are using the Z80MU development system on an IBM PC or clone, then
assemble your files using either LASM and MLOAD or M80 and L80, as if you were
using a genuine CP/M-80 system.  Note that you will still have the problem of
transferring your assembled files to the target CP/M system.

If you want to generate a system-dependent overlay for a particular system, or
want to change the terminal supported, you'll need to check three areas in
CPXTYP.ASM:

First, the overlay start ADDRESS.  The symbol "ovladr" is EQUated to the
address of "LNKFLG" in the system-independent module, as the starting address
of the overlay (7000H for version 4.11).  You'll need to know this value if
you're building the overlay with M80/L80.  You won't normally need to change
this value.

Second, the assembler being used.  Again, define one of MAC80, M80, and LASM to
be TRUE to select it, and define the others to be FALSE.  The two modules
(system-independent and system-dependent) do not need to be built with the same
assembler.

Third, the system configuration.  Locate your system in tables 1-2 and 1-3,
then define the appropriate symbol TRUE, and the rest FALSE.  If the system
comes with a builtin console terminal, define all the terminal switches FALSE.
If the system uses an external terminal as the console, locate the terminal in
table 1-5 and define the appropriate symbol TRUE, and the remainder FALSE.  If
the terminal is not listed in table 1-5, use the CRT switch; in this case, VT52
emulation is not supported.

In addition, there are a few general and system-specific symbols which may be
altered to fit your system:

APSLOT          For Apple with 6551 ACIA, defines the slot number of the serial
                card

CPUSPD          Processor speed in units of 100KHz (currently used only for
                bbII and kpII for timing loops)

TAC             For users connecting through ARPAnet TACs: set to TRUE if you
                wish the default TACTRAP status to be ON. (This may be
                overridden with the SET TACTRAP command).  If you're not
                connecting through a TAC, set tac to FALSE and ignore tacval.

TACVAL          For ARPANET TAC users: defines the default TAC intercept
                character (may be overridden with the SET TACTRAP command).

If you are just assembling an existing configuration, you'll need to edit
CPXTYP.ASM only.  If you are adding support for a new system, you should not
modify CPSDEF.ASM or CPXLNK.ASM; if you do, you'll have to change the system-
independent module also.  Eventually, CPXSYS.ASM will be split into separate
files, each of which will generate one or more related systems.  When this
happens, you'll want to pick the one closest to your system to use as a
starting point.

After editing CPXTYP.ASM as necessary, assemble and link the overlay as
follows:

   - With M80 (where "xxxx" is the hex value of ovladr from CPXLNK.ASM):

         A>m80 cpxtyp=cpxtyp.asm
         A>l80 /p:xxxx,cpxtyp,cpxtyp/n/x/e

   - With LASM:

         A>lasm cpxtyp

With an IBM PC or clone using the Z80MU softwrae, follow the instructions as if
you were using a real CP/M system.

The overlay (CPXTYP.HEX) may then be merged with the system-independent module
as described above (creating a runnable Kermit from the distribution kit).

If you are using the Z80MU development system on a PC, and already have a
running Kermit-80 v3.9 or later, you can merge the two .HEX files into a .COM
file with LINK80 (TOPS 10/20), MLOAD (Z80MU), L80 (Z80MU), and transfer the new
.COM file to your micro with Kermit:

   - Z80MU on a PC and MLOAD:

         @MLOAD KERNEW=CPSKER,CPXTYP

   - Z80MU on a PC and C80:

         @L80 /P:xxxx,CPXTYP,CPXTYP/N/X/E

producing KERNEW.COM.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Symbol         Terminal description
crt            Basic CRT, no cursor positioning
adm3a          ADM3A Display or lookalike
adm22          ADM22 Display or lookalike
am230          Ampro 230
h1500          Hazeltine 1500
smrtvd         Netronics Smartvid-80
soroq          Soroq IQ-120
tvi912         TVI 912
tvi925         TVI 925, Freedom 100
vt52           VT 52 or VT52 emulator such as Heath H19, H29, etc.
vt100          VT 100 or emulator (most ANSI terminals should work)
wyse           Wyse 100

                   Table 1-5:  Terminals known to Kermit-80

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------


1.8. Adding Support For A New System

Kermit-80 is built from a common set of source files; the system-dependent
module makes heavy use of conditional assembly (this complication will be
removed in future releases).  The system dependencies arise from attempts to
answer some questions:

   1. What kind of terminal is to be supported?

      For many micros, the console is an integral part of the system, but
      others can use an external terminal.  In either case, the commands
      to manipulate the screen (position the cursor, erase the screen,
      etc) must be defined.

   2. How is the serial line accessed?

      For systems supporting the IOBYTE function, this is straightforward;
      the symbol "IOBYT" is defined TRUE.  If the serial line is accessed
      with IN and OUT instructions, it may be possible to use the simple
      I/O routines provided.  In this case, the symbol "INOUT" is defined
      TRUE, the MNPORT and MNPRTS are defined to be the data and control
      addresses, respectively, and bit masks for testing for "input data
      available" and "output buffer empty" must be defined.  If the
      interface is strange, leave IOBYT and INOUT set to FALSE, and
      provide the I/O routines.

   3. What initialization is necessary?

      You may wish to set the baud rate or configure the serial line at
      startup.  Examples for a number of devices are present.

   4. What special features are to be supported?

      You may want to provide the capability to select one of several
      serial lines with the SET PORT command, or to change the speed of
      the serial line with the SET SPEED command.  To do this, you'll need
      to build a command table, using the systems already supported as
      examples.  The ability to send a BREAK signal is desirable.  Again,
      examples for several different interfaces (ACIA, SIO, etc) are
      present.

   5. Do you want to design an external terminal type?

      There is a jump entry in the overlay file to allow users to add
      their own termainl emulator.  If you write the code for such an
      emulator, you must load this jump address with the address of your
      emulator, and SET TERMINAL EXTERNAL from within Kermit.  All
      characters will be passed to this routine during connect mode.


1.9. Notes on New Features in Kermit-80 Version 4

   - Debugging aids:  SET DEBUG ON will add two fields to the SEND/RECEIVE
     display, labelled "Spack" and "Rpack".  These display the last packet
     sent and received.  Of course, this slows down the transfer,
     especially if the console is an external terminal.  SET DEBUG OFF
     removes these fields.  The VERSION command displays the name, edit
     number, and edit date of several of the modules that make up Kermit.

   - TAC support: ARPAnet TACs (and many other communication devices such
     as terminal concentrators, modems, port contention units, network
     PADs, etc) use a printing character (like "@") as an intercept
     character, to allow commands to be issued to the TAC, or modem, etc.
     In order to send this character to the host, it must be typed twice.
     The command "SET TAC CHARACTER" to Kermit enables the "TACtrap" and
     asks the user to specify the TAC intercept character.  This character
     will be automatically doubled when it appears in Kermit protocol
     messages (sent by the SEND or RECEIVE commands) or when it appears in
     a file being sent with the TRANSMIT command.  It is not automatically
     doubled when typed by the user in CONNECT mode.  "SET TAC ON" enables
     the TACtrap but does not change the TAC intercept character, which is
     initially "@".  "SET TAC OFF" disables the TACtrap.

   - File buffering:  Previous versions of Kermit-80 buffered only one
     sector (128 bytes) at a time during file transfer operations.  This
     version buffers 16Kbytes at a time, reducing the number of times the
     floppy drive must be spun up and down, and increasing the effective
     throughput of the link.  If the disk transfer rate is too slow,
     however, the remote Kermit may time out and retransmit packets.  This
     will show up on the screen in the "Retries:" field; if this occurs
     after disk activity, you may want to increase the timeout value on
     the remote Kermit, SET BUFFER <new value> while in Kermit,or
     reassemble Kermit with a smaller value for MAXSEC (in CPSDEF.ASM)
     This buffer is also used by the TRANSMIT command; the log file
     enabled by the LOG command is still written a sector at a time.

This section is intended for people wanting to implement their own versions of
Kermit-80 for computers not already defined.

The system independent code communicates to routines for a specific system
through a set of tables.  These tables are defined in CPXLNK.ASM, and should
not be modified between revisions of Kermit.  If an entry is added or deleted,
then the whole of Kermit-80 needs reassembling.  Make sure that the changes to
CPXLNK.ASM are duplicated in CPSUTL.ASM, which has the system independent
equivalent of CPXLNK.ASM.

The following entries/definitions apply to revision 4.09.  There have been
three additional entries since revision 4.05.

The table is split into three sectors; The first section defines two byte
"words" giving 16 bits of interface data; The second set is a set of jumps to
various functions, and finally the third set a set of pure data bytes.


1.9.1. Interface Data.

        LNKFLG  Must be first entry in overlay at overlay address.  Is a two
                byte address giving the size of the linkage table.  This is
                used to check for consistency of overlay's

        ENTSIZE Length of entry table, also used for consistency checking after
                the overlay.  Currently 6

        SYSEDT  The address of a dollar-terminated string giving the overlay
                revision level and date.  Points to a string like:
                CPXSYS.ASM(33) 4-JUN-1986$

        FAMILY  The address of a dollar-terminated string giving the Family
                overlay revision level and date.  If the system is in
                CPXSYS.ASM rather than a particular Family overlay, it is
                simply a pointer to $




1.9.2. Jump Table.

This is split into three main sectors-


   1. Input/Output routines

   2. Screen formatting routines

   3. other system dependent routines


  SELMDM
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   selects the modem port.  Most systems do nothing and simply
                return.  HL,DE and BC registers preserved.

  OUTMDM
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Output the character in E register to the communications line.
                BC,DE,HL registers preserved.

  INPMDM
  Parameters    None
  Returns       Accumulator either 0 or character from comms line if available
  Description   Check modem for character and if so, return it in A. HL,DE,BC
                registers preserved, flags and accumulator lost.

  FLSMDM
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Clear any pending characters in the input buffer from the
                modem.  No registers are preserved.

  SELCON
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Select the console.  This is a null subroutine for most
                systems, but for IOBYTE systems selects the console.

  OUTCON
  Parameters    Character in E
  Returns       None
  Description   Send the character in E to the console.  Any quirks of system
                responding in an odd manner should be handled.  No registers
                preserved.

  INPCON
  Parameters    None
  Returns       Zero or character in A.
  Description   Get a character from the console or return a null if no
                character to be read.  No registers are preserved.

  OUTLPT
  Parameters    Character in E
  Returns       None
  Description   Send the character in E to the printer.  The console is
                selected.  Only DE registers are preserved

  LPTSTAT
  Parameters    None
  Returns       00H or 0FFH in A register
  Description   Test the printer to see if it is ready to receive a character
                to be printed.  If a 00H is returned then the printer is ready
                to receive a character.

  EXTTER
  Parameters    Character to be sent to the user supplied terminal emulator in
                the E register
  Returns       None
  Description   If the user has supplied a terminal emulator in the overlay
                code, EXTTER will be a JMP <non zero address>.  If SET TERMINAL
                EXTERNAL has been set, all caharcters will be passed verbatim
                to this terminal emulator.  If there is no external emulator,
                this code will never be called.  The user should reset terminal
                conditions on initialisation of both the system and before
                CONNECT.  All registers should be preserved.

  XBDOS
  Parameters    Any required for calling BDOS
  Returns       Any expected from the called BDOS routine
  Description   This is an alternative entry to BDOS.  This entry will also
                check the printer status etc.  For full details see the code
                for the BDOS trap in CPSUTL.ASM.

                2b)

                CLRLIN
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Clear the current line on the terminal

  CLRSPC
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Erase the current position (after a backspace)

  DELCHR
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Make delete (7FH) look like a backspace.  Some systems do a
                backspace, space, backspace automatically others have to
                simulate it

  CLRTOP
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Clear the screen and place the cursor at the top LH corner

  SCREND
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Place the cursor on the line for the Kermit-80 prompt after a
                file transfer.  (Usually line 13)

  SCRERR
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Move cursor to the error message field on the file transfer
                format screen

  SCRFLN
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Move the cursor to the filename field

  SCRNP
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Move the cursor to the packet count field

  SCRNRT
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Move cursor to the retry count field

  SCRST
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Move cursor to the status field

  RPPOS
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Move to the receive packet field (debugging use)

  SPPOS
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Move to the send packet field (for debugging use)

                2c)

                SYSINIT
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Initialize the system specific items.  No registers are
                preserved.  Any initialization is done once only when Kermit-80
                is first loaded.

  SYSEXIT
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Program termination.  De-initialize anything in preparation for
                a return to CP/M

  SYSCON
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Initialize anything before entering the connect state.

  SYSCLS
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   System dependent close routine when exiting connect state

  SYSINH
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   Help routine to test for any extensions to the escape menu
                during the connect state.  If a system has any special feature
                it can use during connect mode, then it can be tested as
                <escape-character>xxx.  This entry is a string for printing to
                the console for an <escape-character>?  Often used for
                generating breaks or controlling a modem.

  SYSINT
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   This is a test-and-jump on receipt of an escape sequence not
                understood by Kermit-80.  If the character in A is not
                recognized by your version of Kermit=80, do a rskip

  SYSFLT
  Parameters    Character in E
  Returns       Character in E. Either a 00H or anything else in A
  Description   Test the character in E. If it may not be printed to the
                console, set A to zero.  All other registers preserved.
                NB <XON>,<XOFF>,<DEL>,<NULL> are always rejected.

  SYSBYE
  Parameters    None
  Returns       None
  Description   System dependent processing for the BYE command.  (eg hang up
                the phone)

  SYSSPD
  Parameters    Value from table in DE
  Returns       None
  Description   The system dependent code for baud rate change.  DE contains
                the two byte value from the baud rate table.  This value is
                also stored in "SPEED"

  SYSPRT
  Parameters    Value in DE
  Returns       None
  Description   The system dependent code for setting the port.  The parameters
                are passed in DE, which are obtained from the port tables

  SYSSCR
  Parameters    String pointer in DE
  Returns       None
  Description   Setup the screen display for file transfer.  The Kermit version
                string is pointed to by DE.  If the terminal is not capable of
                cursor addressing (eg dumb glass TTY) then only the screen is
                cleared and the version string is printed.

  CSRPOS
  Parameters    Row number in B, column number in C
  Returns       None
  Description   Move the cursor to row B, column C where B=1,C=1 is top LH
                corner of screen.  The routine should first end a "cursor
                position" leading string (up to four characters) then use the
                parameters given to complete the versions cursor position
                function

  SYSSPC
  Parameters    None
  Returns       K bytes free in HL
  Description   Get the amount of free disk space on the selected disk drive.
                This could be in the system independent code.  Automatically
                detects CP/M V2.2 or V3.0.  No registers saved.

  MOVER
  Parameters    Source Pointer in HL
                Destination Pointer in DE
                Byte count in BC
  Returns       None
  Description   Move (BC) bytes from (HL) to (DE) Z80 based systems do an LDIR,
                while 8080 systems do it as a loop.  All registers destroyed

  PRTSTR
  Parameters    $ terminated string pointed to by DE
  Returns       None
  Description   Print the string onto the console.

                3)


  PTTAB         WORD      Points to VT52 equivalent escape sequences.

  SPDTAB        WORD      Address of baud-rate command table, or 0 if table
                does not exist

  SPDHLP        WORD      Address of baud-rate help table, or 0 if SET SPEED is
                not supported.

  PRTTAB        WORD      Address of port command table or 0 if SET PORT is not
                supported.

  PRTHLP        WORD      Address of port help table or 0 if SET PORT is not
                supported

  TIMOUT        BYTE      FUZZY-TIMER.  Set to value suitable to your system
                (depends largely on CPU speed)

  VTFLG         BYTE      VT52 emulation flag.  Set to 0 if terminal emulates a
                VT52, 01 if emulation is required, or 0FFH if emulations not
                possible (eg for "CRT")

  ESCCHR        BYTE      default escape character-usually control-] but
                sometimes control-\

  SPEED         WORD      Storage space for baud-rate.  Set to 0FFFFH as baud
                rates are initially unknown.  Note that the STATUS routine only
                looks at the first (least significant) byte.

  PORT          WORD      Storage space for port.  Set to 0FFFFH as ports may
                not be implemented, and is initially unknown

  PRNFLG        BYTE      Printer copy flag-if O no copy.  Anything else =>
                copy to printer

  DBGFLG        BYTE      Debugging flag.  If O then no debugging to be done.
                (ie writing of debugging info during a file transfer)

  ECOFLG        BYTE      Local ECHO flag (default is off)

  FLWFLG        BYTE      File warning flag.  If set to 1 will not overwrite
                files already existing on disk with some-named files being
                transferred

  IBMFLG        BYTE      IBM system is the host-assume IBM file transfers etc

  CPMFLG        BYTE      Flag indicating type of CP/M files to be transferred.
                Default setting - DEFAULT

  PARITY        BYTE      Type of parity in use
                0 = Even parity
                3 = Mark parity
                6 = No parity (8th bit is data)
                9 = Odd parity
                12 = Space parity

  SPSIZ         BYTE      Size of send packet

  RPSIZ         BYTE      Size of receive packet

  STIME         BYTE      Send timer (time-out)

  RTIME         BYTE      Receive timer (time-out)

  SPAD          BYTE      Send Padding (default=0)

  RPAD          BYTE      Receive Padding (default=0)

  SPADCH        BYTE      Send Padding character (default=NULL)

  RPADCH        BYTE      Receive Padding character (default=NULC)

  SEOL          BYTE      Send EOL character (default=CR)

  REOL          BYTE      Receive EOL character (default=CR)

  SQUOTE        BYTE      Send quote character (default=#)

  RQUOTE        BYTE      Receive quote character (default=#)

  CHKTYP        BYTE      Ascii value of checktype
                31H="1"=checktype1 (6bits)
                32H="2"=checktype2 (12bits)
                33H="3"=CCITT checksum (CRC)
                Default is 31H("1")

  TACFLG        BYTE      If set to on (non zero) send the TACCHR twice.  This
                is for ARPA TAC users, where the TAC swallows one "wakeup"
                character.  If sent twice the TAC will pas one on and go back
                to normal mode.

  TACCHR        BYTE      Desired TAC character.  It is ignored if TAC trapping
                is turned off. Value to send twice if TAC interception is set
                on.  Default=0, but set to commercial AT if the conditional
                assembly flag TAC is set true

  BUFADR        WORD      Address of Multi-Sector buffering for I/O

  BUFSEC        BYTE      The number of bytes the big buffers can hold.
                Default is 1. (0=256 sectors).

  FFUSSY        BYTE      Indicates if funny characters may be used in CP/M
                file names (eg <>.,;?#[]) If zero, allow anything.  Default is
                nonzero.

  BMAX          SPACE:(2bytes) Highest block number on selected disk drive

  BMASK         SPACE:(1byte) (Records/block)-1

  BSHIFTF       SPACE:(1byte) Number of shifts to multiply by rec.block

  NNAMS         SPACE:(1byte) Counter for file-names per line


1.10. Future Work

Work that needs to be done in future releases includes:

   - Merge in support for additional CP/M-80 systems, particularly those
     for which support was recently added to the monolithic v3.x source.

   - Break up CPXSYS into discrete source files, one for each system.
     These source files should serve as simple models for adding support
     for new systems to Kermit-80 -- only the very basic screen
     definitions, flags, i/o primitives, initializations, and so forth
     should appear in each system-dependent file.

   - Addition of missing features -- compression of repeated characters
     during packet transmission, transmission of file attributes
     (particularly size, so that "percent done" can be displayed for both
     incoming and outbound files), command macros, more advanced login
     scripts, remote operation and server mode, etc etc.  Any offers??

Index (Page numbers are approximate)...

          8080   5, 6

          Append   2
          ARPAnet   10
          Attention Character   10
          Autoreceive   3

          Baud   4
          BIOS   5
          Block Check   3
          Bootstrapping CP/M Kermit   8
          Break   2
          Buffer size   3
          Bye   2

          Carriage Return   2
          COLLISION   3
          Connect   2
          Control-C   2
          Control-X   2
          Control-Z   2
          Copy   2
          CP/M   6
          CP/M-80 Kermit   1
          CR   2

          Debug   3
          Default Disk   3
          Directory   2
          Directory file size   3
          Downloading   8

          Eighth-Bit Prefix   4
          Erase   2
          Escape Character   2, 3
          Exit   2
          External Terminal Emulation
                  4

          File Copying   2
          File-mode   3
          File-Warning   3
          FINISH   2
          Flow Control   4

          Generic Kermit-80   5
          GET   2

          Help   2

          IBM   4
          Input   2
          Intercept Character   10

          Local   2
          Local-Echo   4
          LOG   2
          Logging   4
          LOGOUT   3

          NAK   2
          No-exit   4

          OUTPUT   3, 4

          Pad character   4
          Parity   4
          Pause   3
          Port   4
          Print   3
          PRINTER   4

          RECEIVE   3
          REMOTE   3

          SEND   3
          SET   3
          Set padding   4
          Set Receive   4
          Set Send   4
          Set Start of packet   4
          Show   4
          Status   4

          TAC   10
          TacTrap   4
          Take   4
          Terminal Emulation   4
          Timeout   2, 7
          TIMER   4
          TRANSMIT   5
          Type   5

          USER   4

          VERSION   5
          Virtual Terminal   2
          VT100 Emulation   4
          VT52 Emulation   4

          Warning   4

          XON/XOFF   2

          Z80   6


Table of Contents (page numbers are approximate)

1. CP/M-80 KERMIT                                                             1

   1.1. Credits                                                               1
   1.2. What's New                                                            1
   1.3. Overview of Kermit Operation                                          1
   1.4. Summary of CP/M                                                       1
   1.5. Kermit-80 Description                                                 2
   1.6. Kermit-80 Flavors                                                     5
       1.6.1. Generic Kermit-80                                               5
       1.6.2. CP/M 3 Kermit                                                   5
       1.6.3. System-Specific Versions                                        5
   1.7. Installation of Kermit-80                                             6
       1.7.1. Organization of Kermit-80                                       7
       1.7.2. Downloading Kermit-80                                           8
       1.7.3. Assembling Kermit-80 from the sources                           9
   1.8. Adding Support For A New System                                      10
   1.9. Notes on New Features in Kermit-80 Version 4                         10
       1.9.1. Interface Data.                                                10
       1.9.2. Jump Table.                                                    10
   1.10. Future Work                                                         12

Index                                                                        13

                                List of Figures

   Figure 1-1:   Bootstrap program for Kermit-80 and CP/M Version 2.2         8


                                List of Tables

   Table 1-1:   Kermit-80 SET PORT Options                                    5
   Table 1-2:   Systems supported by Kermit-80 (Part 1)                       7
   Table 1-3:   Systems supported by Kermit-80 (Part 2)                       7
   Table 1-4:   Terminals supported by Kermit-80                              8
   Table 1-5:   Terminals known to Kermit-80                                 10